What are Carbohydrates?
Carbohydrates are one of the three macronutrients (along with protein and fat) that provide energy to the body. They are broken down into glucose, which is the primary fuel source for your brain and muscles.
Types of Carbohydrates:
- Simple Carbs: Quick energy sources (sugars, fruits)
- Complex Carbs: Sustained energy sources (grains, vegetables)
- Fiber: Non-digestible carbs that support digestive health
Functions:
- Primary energy source for the brain and muscles
- Spares protein for muscle building and repair
- Supports glycogen storage in muscles and liver
- Provides fiber for digestive health
Carbohydrate Requirements
Carbohydrate needs vary significantly based on individual factors:
- Activity Level: Higher activity requires more carbs for fuel
- Body Composition: More muscle mass increases carb needs
- Training Type: Endurance athletes need more carbs than strength athletes
- Metabolic Health: Insulin sensitivity affects carb tolerance
- Goals: Weight loss vs. muscle gain vs. maintenance
General Guidelines:
- Sedentary: 45-65% of total calories
- Active: 50-65% of total calories
- Athletes: 55-70% of total calories
- Minimum: 130g per day for brain function
Dietary Approaches
Ketogenic Diet (5-10% carbs):
- Very low carbohydrate intake to induce ketosis
- May help with weight loss and blood sugar control
- Requires careful monitoring and adaptation period
Low-Carb Diet (20-30% carbs):
- Moderate carbohydrate restriction
- May help with weight loss and metabolic health
- More sustainable than keto for many people
Balanced Diet (45-65% carbs):
- Standard macronutrient distribution
- Good for general health and athletic performance
- Flexible and sustainable long-term
High-Carb Diet (65-75% carbs):
- Higher carbohydrate intake
- Common among endurance athletes
- May support high-volume training
Fiber and Net Carbs
Fiber: Essential for digestive health, blood sugar control, and satiety. Aim for 25-38g per day for adults.
Net Carbs: Total carbohydrates minus fiber and sugar alcohols. Important for low-carb and ketogenic diets.
Glycemic Index: Measures how quickly carbs raise blood sugar. Lower GI foods provide more sustained energy.
Best Carb Sources:
- Whole grains (oats, quinoa, brown rice)
- Fruits and vegetables
- Legumes (beans, lentils, chickpeas)
- Sweet potatoes and other starchy vegetables
Timing: Consume most carbs around workouts for optimal performance and recovery.